Carbon Materials from Renewable Resources
Carbonaceous materials with various dimensional as well as structural features such as carbon black, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, carbon dots receive immense attention due to their scientific, technological and commercial importance. In general, they have been widely synthesized from different types of carbon rich precursors obtained from petroleum resources. As the global concern regarding petroleum products rises, because of the non renewable nature of fossil fuel and the increasing green house gas emission, there is a driving force to explore the sustainable alternative resources. As a result, agro and forestry products have been explored for the synthesis of various types of carbon materials.
Carbonaceous Materials from LigninAmong the various renewable resources, lignin has been found to be one of the efficient precursors for the fabrication of carbonaceous materials due to their carbon rich phenolic structure. Lignin has been widely for the synthesis of various carbon materials including activated carbon, carbon fibres and carbon black at micro/ nano scale. Various types of carbon materials that includes, carbon monoliths with foamy archistructure, carbon nano sponges and graphene aerosols (as shown in the figure) have been synthesized using lignin as renewable feedstock by employing various chemical modification and carbonization processes.
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Electrospun Carbon Fibres from Lignin
Pure biopolymer-based electrospun precursor carbon fibers are fabricated using an abundant and inexpensive biopolymer lignin blended with renewable resource-based cellulose acetate (CA). Iodine treatment on the fabricated green fiber was successfully performed in order to enhance the carbonization process as well as the retention of fiber morphology. The absorption mechanism of iodine by lignin and cellulose acetate and their derived electrospun green fibers has been investigated by means of thermal behavior and morphological retention. It was found that iodine treatment plays a vital role in altering the graphitization behavior as well as morphology retention during the carbonization process.
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Carbon Dots from Renewable Precursors
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